＜ただいま執筆･建設中＞
人物対照表（↓）のみ、こちらに移設しました。
英国の古期英語（アングロサクソン語）の詩の例を挙げると、まず有名な英雄詩『ベオウルフ』(453-4行)によれば、主人公ベオウルフが纏う、家宝の鎖帷子《レーゼルの遺産》は鍛治師ウェランドその人が鍛えたことになっている。古詩『デオールの嘆き』(→私訳)では、詩の語り手であるデオールという宮廷詩人*![scop [古英]。「スコップ」というのは発音の誤りでした。](../../_uimages/bubble-mini.gif) が、みずからの憂いをウェランドのそれと比べている。『ウィドシース』には、ウェランドの名は無いが、その父らしきワダと、その子らしきウィディアの名が見受けられる。何とも興味深いのは、『ワルデーレ』という作品だ。ここではウェルンドが鍛えし名剣ミミングや、息子のウィディアについて触れられている（やはりアクィテーヌのワルテルを題材とするラテン語詩『ワルタリアス』には見受けられない記述である）。惜しむらくは、『ワルデーレ』がわずかな断片でしか残っていないことだ。
ウェイランドは英国にいたという民間伝承もある。それは、バークシャー州のホワイトホースの近辺に、「ウェイランド・スミジィー(Wayland's Smithy)」と称す鍛冶師の洞窟(*厳密には、かつて墳墓つまり盛土で覆われていたと思われる新石器時代/鉄器時代の古墳趾）があり、六ペンス貨幣の代金をその入口においておけば、馬の蹄鉄打ちや壊れた道具の修理などをやっておいてくれるというものだ註２。
『シドレクスサガ』によれば、ヴォルンド/ウェイランドは、羽衣をつかって華々しい逃亡をやってとげる。
そのために、豚の膀胱の袋に、王子たちからしぼりとった血をつめた、小道具を作っておく。飛びながらに、
ヴォールンドは、報復として果たした数々の悪行を吹聴する。怒った王は、旅の弓の名人−これはエギル
なのだが−に、打ち落とせと命ずる。しかし、エギルは兄が小脇にかかえた血袋にみごと命中させ、
兄が盛大な死を遂げたように演出したのである。
(Overview)
Wayland is the name of the universal wonder smith. In Scandinavian poetry, he is called Volund and is the maker of rings(armlets) who is captured by King Nidud. He is rendered lame and forced to work the forge for the king. In vengeance, Wayland slays the king's young sons, making jewels out of their eyes, goblets from their skulls, and a brooch from their teeth.
In Anglo-Saxon lore, he is Weland, the one who fashioned the very armor worn by Beowulf when he came to the succor of the Danes and went out to defeat the monster Grendel.
In German heroic poetry, he is called Wieland known primarily as the temperer of the formidable sword Mimmung and the father of Wittich, who goes out into the world to become a doughty knight with the gift of this sword.
Perhaps less known is that as Galans, the samesaid smith also created the famous swords for the Frankish heroes Roland and his uncle Karlamagnus(Charlemagne).
1. Scandinavian Poetry
Perhaps the best-known account of the story of Wayland the wonder-smith in that of the"Lay of Volund." (Vöundarkviða) of the Scandinavian Poetic Edda.
Preceding the lay proper, there is a prose introduction, where we find that King Nidud
Svithiod SvíþjóðThere was a king in Sweden named Nithuth. He had two sons and one daughter; her name was Bothvild. There were three brothers, sons of a king of the Finns: one was called Slagfith, another Egil, the third Völund. They went on snowshoes and hunted wild beasts. They came into Ulfdalir and there they built themselves a house; there was a lake there which is called Ulfsjar. Early one morning they found on the shore of the lake three women, who were spinning flax. Near them were their swan garments, for they were Valkyries. Two of them were daughters of King Hlothver, Hlathguth the Swan-White and Hervor the All-Wise, and the third was Olrun, daughter of Kjar from Valland. These did they bring
The text in Old Norse and in various translation can be found on the web (see my Norse Links). According to the lay, Volund (Wayland)
Stories of his capture by King Nidud, his revenge, and his subsequent escape using a flight suit are told in the Norse "Lay of Volund(Wayland)."
The prose Thidrekssaga begins from Wayland's giant lineage, his training as a smith, and a somewhat differing account of how he wound up under arrest and in the forced service of King Nidung (Nidud), as well as a more colored account of his spectacular escape.
2. Middle High German
In MHG hero epics, Wieland himself scarcely makes an appearance (except briefly in Walberan, ll. 684-693ff.), and he is otherwise mentioned as the person whose son is Witege, or as the maker of the sword Mimminc.
Nor does the Norse King Niðung/Níða&th; of Sviðjóð (Sweden) appear in extant MHG hero epics. However Nuodung a character possibly split off from the king may be (— Duke Nauðung; — in the Thidrekssaga).
In the Nibelungenlied, Nuodung is a deceased kinsman of Gotelint, wife of Rüedegêr, Margrave of Pochlarn. We learn that Nuodung was killed by Witege (NL manuscript B, Stanza 1699), and when Hagen asks to have Nuodung's keepsake shield, it brings Gotelint to tears. One is likely to presume him tob be her and Rudiger's son, and indeed Biterolf (ll. 3335-7 "Nuodunc, der edel marcgrâve junc, der schoenen Gotelinde kint") the Rosengarten (Ms. D, Stz. 320 line 2, "Rüedegêrs sun") say as much. However, in the Norse account Nauðung is Gotelint's brother (Thidrekssaga, chap. 369) who falls at the battle of Gronsport (in the Germ. version, the Rabenschlacht or the decisive battle Ravenna) .
3. Anglo-Saxon Material
"Waldere".
"Widsith" is another short piece of poetry in which a fictious minstrel named Widsith (meaning "far-travelled") claims to have visited upon many personages over far and wide land; and while Wayland himself does not show in this catalogue of names, "Wada" could well refer to his father, while "Wudga and Hama" must be Waylands son and his rival/companion Heime.
The Anglo-Saxon "Waldere" fragment also mentions the verysame "son of Weland".
In the Anglo-Saxon hero-epic Beowulf, Wayland is mentioned as the maker of the prized mail-coat worn by Beowulf, and in the short Anglo-Saxon poem "Deor's Lament", Wayland is one of the famous figures whose bitter fate the minstrel compares to his own lot.
A depiction of the story of Wayland occurs in one of the carved facets a whale-bone artifact , the so-called "Frank's casket" (named after its donor to the British Museum). The rune text does not refer to Wayland but the identification is unmistakable.
4. The Franks Casket
5. The "Wayland Smithy" legend
In Berkeshire England, near Uffington White Horse is a monument known as "Wayland's Smithy" is an Neolithic/Iron Age cromlech site, estimated to date from ca. 3500 B.C. The upright megaliths, walls and a chamber frormed of flat stones are what remain, and it is thought that originally a full barrow or mound of earth covered it.
A record of "Weland's Smithy" as a place name occurs in a charter of King Eadred dated 955.
6. The Franks Casket
[Wade]
the 'De Nugis Curialium' calls him 'Gado', a king of
the Vandals, who allies himself with Offa of Mercia in a war against
the Romans. At one point in this story Gado's magic ship takes him to
Colchester (just in time to save Offa from a Roman army) as though it
were steering itself, which is possibly an echo of the Chaucer
reference to Wade's boat.
The 'Fasciculus Morum' (circa 1340) mentions
that he is 'in Elfland, where now, so they say, remain those strenous
warriors Unewyn and Wade.' Similarly, the alliterative 'Morte Arthure'
mentions him as a renowned warrior hero and 'Bevis of Hampton' mentions
him as a dragon slayer.
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