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@Cormac mac Airt (Cormac ua Cuinn) [personage] [Celtic:Fenian cycle]

[OWNER]
Cormac mac Airt "son of Art", aka Cormac úa Cuinn "(grandchild) of Conn" [Ir.]
Legendary high king of Ireland at Tara. Reigned 227 ~ 266 according to the annals.

[SPEAR]
Crimall [Ir.], the "Blood-spotted" (O'Curry ed., tr., Book of Aicill)*1; "ornamented spear" (Anc. Laws of Ir. III, p.82 footnote 4) bloody spear" (O'Curry, MS. materials, p.48), (O'Curry, Manners and Customs, ii. p.326) [E.]
Name of the spear of Cormac mac Airt by which he himself was wounded in the eye, when Aengus Gabuaidech "of the poisoned spear" [variously spelt and rendered. See the page on the spear] of the tribe of Déis. This name is only recorded in an account inserted in a legal tract, the Book of Aicill. In other accounts of the "Expulsion of the Déis" the spear's name is either not given, or can only assumed to be Gae Buaifnech "poisoned spear".

[SHIELD]
Croda (O'Curry Manners and Customs II, p.333);
Cróda ("The Tidings of Conchobar son of Ness" tr. Stokes)*1, " Bloody (shield) of Cormac,"*2
Chroda Chormaic (Scéala Conchubair in LL fol. 107a8) [OIr.];
The shield of Cormac, named in a list of the shields of heroes (see ⇒Ochoin (Ochain) the shield of Conchobar mac Nessa.

A.C.L. Brown has identified him as Cormac mac Airt (aka Cormac ua Conn), although he would be an anachronism in the Ulster cycle.

Identifying him as Cormac the son of Conchobar (aka Cormac Connloinges) is problematic too. See "On Identity of Crimall's owner" below.

[BRANCH & CUP]
-- *1 [Ir.];
«craoḃ Chormaic mhic Airt»*2 "Cormac mac Airt's branch" (supplied title to modern recension of Echthra Cormaic)
«craoḃ ṡoinneaṁail siġe» "glittering fairy branch", "branch" (17c. recension)*2 [Ir.];
[craoḃ (craobh) [Ir.] "branch"; = cráeb [OIr.]/ soineaṁuil (soineamhuil) [Ir.] "estimable, handsome, comely" (O'Reilly) / siġe (sighe) [Ir.] "s.f. a fairy, a goblin, a sprite" (O'Reilly) ]
-- *1 [Ir.];
ċopáin "cup" "goblet" *2
[ċopáin (chopáin) [Ir.] "a cup, a phial" (O'Reilly) ]
A silver branch with three golden apples ("a glittering fairy branch with nine apples of red gold" in the modern recension) which when shaken produced beautiful music that made the listener forget anything unpleasant that happened. A wondrous youth gave it to Cormac in exchange for the three thing he would name as his price. This price turned out to be Cormac daughter, his son, and his wife. When his daughter and son were borne away, Cormac shook the branch to make courtier forget the woe, but when his wife Eithne was taken, he followed in pursuit and discovered himself in the Land of Promise (Tír Tairngire, "Tir Tairrngire"). The youth turned out to be Manannán mac Lir, and no harm was intended for his hostages. Manannán uses the cup of truth to prove his daughter has not been touched by a man (and likewise for his son and wife). This cup too is given to Cormac.

[SWORD]
«Socht's Sword» [Ir.]
Heirloom sword of Socht (See ⇒«Socht's Sword») whose ownership was disputed between him and the steward who coveted it. In passing judgment, Cormac said he was entitled to confiscate it, since it had been used by the Ulster king Tibraite Tírech to slay his grandfather, Conn Cétchathach. Thus it became one of the three treasures of Eirenn, alongside the cup and branch of Manannán mac Lir.

[TABLECLOTH]
sgóraid [Ir.]; "tablecloth" [E.]
[Unsure word sense or etymology, but cf. sgorad  "lancing, scarifying" (O'Reilly).   Perhaps "scored, marked" from sgor "a scar, notch, mark"? ]
An additional treasure item that appears alongside others in a late version of the Advenure of Cormac (Echtrae Cormaic) where he pursues the magic bough (silver branch that played music) and gains also the Golden Cup which tells apart truth from lies.

[CAULDRON]
coire aisic [Ir.]; "cauldron of restitution"
[aisec "" + aisec "return, restitution"; cf. aiscid "boon, gift, blame, reproach"]
When meat is boiled in it, it provides each person with a portion that is appropriate to his status. (The thigh piece to kings, etc.).

[HORNS]
the Twisted Horn, and the Litan, and the Eel (tr. E. J. Gwynn) [E.];
Cam-corn & an Litan & an Easgung (The Three Drinking-HOrns of Cormac úa Cuinn, ) [Ir.];
[caṁ (camh) "s. power, might; adj. 1. strong, 2. crooked;" // litan not glossed but perhaps Ir. leiṫead (leithead) cog. W. litan "breadth" ? // asċu (aschu) ", s. m. a water dog; an eel; " (O'Reilly)]
the Twisted Horn, and the Litan, and the Eel (tr. E. J. Gwynn)
Once owned by Cormac ua Cuinn (mac Airt), the three horns were buried beneath a sheet, but unearthed by Agal the king of Corca Tri, who hosted the kings of Erin led by the high-king Aed Oridnide. Aed having dropped his horns while crossing, would not touch his drink unless he had a horn to drink from. The Twisted Horn was kept by Aed, the Litan given to the king of Ulster, the Eel-Horn to the king of Connacht.


----- sword -----
*1 Ancient Laws of Ireland: Senchus Mor (conclusion) being the Corus Bescna or Customary Law and the Book of Aicill (Dublin : Printed for H.M.S.O., published by A. Thom ; London : Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865-1901.), vol.3 (of 6 vol.), [edited by O'Donovan, John, 1809-1861, O'Curry, Eugene, 1796-1862, et al.] [books.google]

[See page on spear for full bibliography]

----- shield -----

*1 Stokes, Whitley, tr. ed. Scéla Conchobair maic Nessa "The Tidings of Conchobar son of Ness" in Ériu 4 (1910), 18-33. Eng. tr. online: "The Tidings of Conchobar son of Ness" [The Book of Leinster.

*2 Brown, "The Bleeding Lance" (op.cit.), 23n, points out that there is a conformity in the names of Cormac's spear and shield. (Quoted below)

----- branch, cup, cauldron, Socht's Sword. -----

*1 Stokes, Whitley, ed. tr., Scél na Fír Flatha, Echtra Chormaic i Tír Tairngiri ocus Cert Claidib Chormaic (the Irish Ordeals, Cormac's Adventure in the Land of Promise, and the Decision as to Cormac's Sword ), in Irische Texte III, 1 (Leipzig 1891) pp. 183-229.
The story is usually referred to as The Adventures of Cormac (Echtra Cormaic) of which the 12 c. version from the Yellow Book of Lecan and the Book of Ballymote is this edition. fír flatha glosses as "sovereign's truth, just rule, justice of the ruler", whereas fír nDé = "ordeal". cert = "right".

Another 12c. recension is in the Book of Fermoy. See bibl. & summary by Dan M. Wiley @ Hastings U.

*2 O'Grady, Standish H., ed., tr., "Faghail craoibhe Chormaic mhic Airt: How Cormac mac Airt got his Branch", Transactions of the Ossianic Society 3 (1857), 212-28. [The title given on the title page of volume 3 is Toruigheacht Dhiarmuda agus Ghrainne ; or, the pursuit after Diarmuid O'Duibhne, and Grainne, the daughter of Cormac Mac Airt, King of Ireland in the third century ]

This modern recension dates to not later than the seventeenth century.

----- tablecloth -----

*1 "Faghail craoibhe Chormaic mhic Airt: How Cormac mac Airt got his Branch", Transactions of the Ossianic Society 3 (Dublin: John O'Daly 1857), 212-28.

----- horns -----

*1 The Three Drinking-Horns of Cormac úa Cuinn,

§ Identifying which "Cormac" to be the owner of the shield Croda

    According to Brown, this belonged to Cormac mac Airt (3rd century), but it is anachronistic for it to appear in the Ulster cycle (set in B.C. period).

    Then who could be the candidates?

    There is Cormac Connloinges, son of Conchobar himself, but that would not be consistent. For reading back on the source, "The Tidings of Conchobar," we learn that Conchobar surrounded himself with a glut of champions, and this was not because his fighting skills were wanting, because he was the best of fighters. It was done to ensure that Conchobar will safely sire a son. So in this period, it seems Conchobar had no son, and if he did, in the person of Cormac owner of Croda, it is decidedly odd to subject that son to peril. (Of course one can speculate this son was a bastard or had a blemish that disqualified him, etc.)

    There is also another, called Cormac, king of Ulaid, "the man of the three gifts" (Da Derga's Hostel) or simply "Cormac of Ulster", the maternal grandfather of Conaire Mó. But he is the father of Conaire Mór, lead character of The Destruction of Da Derga's Hostel. His wife however, may have slept with a bird-man.

    To recap, we have
  • Cormac (1) "mac Airt"
  • Cormac (2) "Connloinges"
  • Cormac (3) (father of Conaire Mór)

    In T. W. Rolleston Celtic Myth and Legend available in inexpensive Dover paperback, the three above are clearly distinguished (see Rollerston, Celtic Myth and Legend, index). That may be prudent to do for the sake of organization of information.
    However, further confusing the issue, Mackillop's Dict. suggest (2) and (3) above may be identical.
    In passing one might note the resemblance between Cormac (1) "Conn's ancester" and Cormac (2) "Connloinges" to see a connection there also, perhaps ultimately derived from a Cormac, possessor of a bloody spear and shield from a lost ur-saga.

§ : How Cormac mac Airt got his Branch (version 17c.)

   
Ancient Laws of Ireland III, "lebar aicle"p.82
*1 Doe, John ed., tr., LINK


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